Previously overlooked in International Relations, environmental issues have now emerged as a central topic of debate among scholars in the field. This transformation highlights not only the evolution of IR itself—expanding to incorporate what were once considered low-politics issues—but also the growing concern among scholars about pressing global challenges, such […]
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On 2 April 2025, United States President Donald Trump announced that his government would impose a universal 10% tariff. This policy will be followed by specific tariff arrangements for commodities from approximately 60 countries perceived to be engaging in unfair trading practices through non-tariff barriers, which, he says, have caused […]
Indonesia is at a pivotal crossroads in the evolving geopolitical landscape, striving to balance its relationships with two major international coalitions: the OECD and the recently expanded BRICS+. As the largest economy in Southeast Asia and a G20 member, Indonesia serves as a crucial bridge between developed and developing nations. […]
Yogyakarta, 23 Februari 2023. Komitmen terhadap perdagangan bebas tanpa hambatan perlu dikelola oleh suatu rezim internasional yang mengutamakan aturan main dan kepastian hukum bagi seluruh pihak dengan tetap membuka ruang fleksibilitas bagi negara dalam memitigasi tantangan ekonomi politik global terkini. Untuk memastikan adanya rezim perdagangan internasional yang kuat tersebut, satu […]
Executive Summary The Indonesia-Australia Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (IA-CEPA) is a major strategic effort to build a bilateral economic partnership. Australia and Indonesia signed the free trade agreement in March 2019 after eleven years of consultation and negotiation IA-CEPA is more than a trade agreement, as it includes both economic […]
Abstract This article analyzes how and why contemporary Global South countries’ South–South cooperation (SSC) exhibits a convergence between normative and material interests. The normative approach underlines that SSC is driven by a country’s experience with colonialism and underdevelopment. SSC is perceived as a mechanism to alter the Global South’s asymmetrical […]
Trade-Pacific Partnership the (TPP), billed as among the biggest trade deals in history, against all odds, was concluded on Oct. 5 despite the fact that weeks prior to the conclusion sharp differences were prevalent among its participating countries on crucial aspects. The 12 countries (Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Canada, Chile, Japan, […]
Trade facilitation is the only trade agenda that has survived from the WTO Ministerial Conference in Singapore, which was held back in 1996. The trade negotiation agendas, which are well known as ‘the Singapore Issues’, consist of trade and investment, trade and competition policy, transparency in government procurement and trade […]
It takes approximately 5 hours from Geneva to Jungfraujoch Region by train and there’s no direct train for this route. To get there one needs to take a train to Interlaken Ost via Bern. The earliest train from Geneva to Bern is at 4.56 am. Initially I intended to take […]
Poppy S. WinantiPhD Thesis – University of Glasgow AbstractThis thesis aims to explain the change in developing countries’ intellectual property legislation as a response to their Trade-related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) obligations. When the TRIPs Agreement was negotiated during the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade talks, developing countries resisted its […]